Graphite stoppers yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hlau - smelting thiab foundry sectors. Raws li tus neeg muag khoom graphite stopper, kuv tau koom nrog kev nkag siab txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no, thiab ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lawv qhov hardness.
Nkag siab Hardness hauv Graphite Stoppers
Hardness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv rau lub zos deformation, xws li indentation, khawb, los yog puas. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm graphite stoppers, hardness plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo, ua haujlwm ntev, thiab tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Graphite, nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, yog ib qho khoom muag muag. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv txheej txheej, qhov twg cov pa roj carbon atom yog teem rau hauv hexagonal dav hlau tuav ua ke los ntawm tsis muaj zog van der Waals rog. Cov qauv no tso cai rau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg rau ib leeg yooj yim, muab graphite nws lubricating zog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nyuaj ntawm graphite stoppers tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, hom graphite siv, thiab muaj cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau Hardness ntawm Graphite Stoppers
Kev tsim khoom
Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm graphite stoppers tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lawv qhov hardness. Ib txoj hauv kev yog cov txheej txheem molding, qhov twg graphite hmoov yog tov nrog ib tug binder thiab ces nias rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau. Lub siab siv thaum nias tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov ntom thiab hardness ntawm cov khoom kawg. Kev kub siab dua feem ntau ua rau cov graphite denser thiab nyuaj dua.
Lwm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom yog kev kho cua sov -. Graphite stoppers feem ntau yog cua sov - kho ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los txhim kho lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Thaum tshav kub kub - kev kho mob, lub binder decomposes, thiab cov graphite hais sinter ua ke, tsim ib tug ntau cohesive thiab harder qauv. Qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm ntawm cov cua sov - kev kho mob tuaj yeem ua tib zoo tswj kom ua tiav qhov xav tau hardness.
Hom Graphite
Muaj ntau hom graphite siv los tsim cov graphite stoppers, xws li ntuj graphite thiab hluavtaws graphite. Ntuj graphite yog mined los ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv qhov zoo thiab purity. Synthetic graphite, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab tuaj yeem tsim kho kom muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Synthetic graphite feem ntau muaj qhov nyuaj dua piv rau ntuj graphite. Nws tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv, nrog rau ntau yam ntawm hardness qhov tseem ceeb muaj. High - purity hluavtaws graphite feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas siab hardness thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev.
Cov tshuaj ntxiv
Cov additives tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv graphite stoppers los txhim kho lawv cov hardness. Piv txwv li, silicon carbide (SiC) yog ib qho khoom siv ntxiv uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm graphite. SiC hais ua raws li kev txhawb nqa, txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam thiab lub zog txhua yam ntawm graphite stopper. Lwm cov khoom siv ntxiv, xws li hlau oxides, kuj tuaj yeem siv los hloov kho qhov nyuaj thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm graphite stoppers.
Ntsuas qhov Hardness ntawm Graphite Stoppers
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov hardness ntawm graphite stoppers. Ib txoj hauv kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog Rockwell hardness test. Hauv qhov kev sim no, lub pob zeb diamond lossis carbide indenter yog nias rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm graphite stopper nyob rau hauv ib qho kev thauj khoom. Qhov tob ntawm qhov indentation yog ntsuas, thiab tus nqi hardness yog txiav txim siab raws li qhov ntsuas ua ntej - tsim.
Lwm txoj hauv kev yog Brinell hardness test. Hauv qhov kev sim no, ib lub pob steel los yog carbide yog nias rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm graphite stopper nyob rau hauv ib tug paub load. Qhov txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov indentation yog ntsuas, thiab tus lej Brinell hardness yog xam.
Vickers hardness test kuj tseem siv los ntsuas qhov hardness ntawm graphite stoppers. Hauv qhov kev sim no, ib qho square - raws li pyramid indenter yog siv, thiab qhov hardness yog txiav txim los ntawm kev ntsuas cov kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm qhov indentation sab laug ntawm cov khoom.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Hardness nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov
Hlau - Smelting
Hauv cov hlau - smelting kev lag luam, graphite stoppers yog siv los tswj cov ndlwg ntawm molten hlau. Ib qho nyuaj graphite stopper yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov hlau molten. Yog tias cov graphite stopper yog mos heev, nws yuav hnav sai sai, ua rau muaj kev tswj tsis tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub casting ntawm steel, lub graphite stopper yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los tiv thaiv lub siab - kub thiab siab - velocity flow ntawm molten steel. Ib qho nyuaj graphite stopper tuaj yeem ua kom muaj qhov dej kom raug thiab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov castings. Peb Foundry Graphite Crucible feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog graphite stoppers nyob rau hauv hlau - smelting txheej txheem, thiab lub hardness ntawm lub stopper yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov efficiency ntawm lub lag luam.
Cov ntawv thov Foundry
Nyob rau hauv foundries, graphite stoppers yog siv nyob rau hauv ladles thiab tundishes los tswj cov ntws ntawm molten hlau. Lub hardness ntawm graphite stopper cuam tshuam rau nws lub peev xwm los kaw lub qhov pouring zoo. Ib qho nyuaj graphite stopper tuaj yeem tsim lub foob kaw ntom nti, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xeb ntawm cov hlau molten thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem dej huv thiab tswj tau.
Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov foundry, graphite stoppers feem ntau raug cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv thaum tuav thiab ua haujlwm. Ib qho nyuaj graphite stopper yog ntau resistant rau cov kev cuam tshuam, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm breakage thiab ncua lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub stopper. Peb Foundry Graphite Crucibles yog tsim los ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog graphite stoppers, thiab kom zoo hardness ntawm lub stopper yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub foundry ua hauj lwm.
Aluminium Degassing
Hauv cov txheej txheem aluminium degassing, Graphite Degassing Rotor thiab graphite stoppers yog siv. Lub graphite stopper yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov neeg kho tshuab rog koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem degassing. Ib qho nyuaj graphite stopper tuaj yeem tswj nws cov duab thiab kev ncaj ncees, kom ntseeg tau tias tshem tawm cov hydrogen thiab lwm yam impurities los ntawm molten aluminium.
Quality Control thiab Assurance
Raws li graphite stopper tsum, kev tswj kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Peb muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los xyuas kom meej tias peb cov graphite stoppers ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov qauv hardness.
Peb ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm peb cov khoom siv lub xeev - ntawm - cov khoom siv kos duab -. Cov qauv raug coj los ntawm txhua pawg tsim khoom, thiab ntau qhov kev ntsuas hardness yog ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv ntawm graphite stopper. Qhov no pab peb kom paub tseeb tias qhov hardness zoo ib yam thoob plaws hauv cov khoom.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntsuas hardness, peb kuj ua lwm yam kev kuaj xyuas zoo, xws li kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntom, tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag. Cov kev kuaj xyuas no pab peb txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm thiab xyuas kom meej tias peb cov graphite stoppers yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Xaus
Lub hardness ntawm graphite stopper yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, ua haujlwm ntev, thiab tsim nyog rau kev siv sib txawv. Raws li tus neeg muag khoom graphite stopper, peb nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muab siab - cov khoom zoo nrog lub hardness zoo.
Txawm hais tias koj nyob hauv cov hlau - smelting, foundry, lossis aluminium degassing kev lag luam, peb cov graphite stoppers yog tsim los kom tau raws li koj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Yog tias koj txaus siab rau peb cov graphite stoppers lossis muaj lus nug txog lawv qhov hardness thiab lwm yam khoom, thov koj xav tiv tauj peb kom muaj kev sib tham ntxaws thiab kev yuav khoom. Peb tau cog lus los muab koj cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau koj cov kev xav tau kev lag luam.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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Reed, JS (2004). Taw qhia rau Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Ceramic Processing. Wiley - Interscience.
Fitzer, E. (1990). Carbon thiab Graphite Phau Ntawv Qhia: Cov Khoom, Tshuab, Kev Siv. Springer - Verlag.