Cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab lawv cov ntawv thov thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Graphite raj, uas feem ntau siv hauv ntau qhov chaw, kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv sib nqus tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev siv. Raws li ib tug ua graphite tube tsum, kuv zoo - versed nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov tswv yim siv ntawm graphite raj.
Nkag siab txog Magnetic Property of Graphite Tubes
Graphite yog ib daim ntawv ntawm carbon nrog ib tug hexagonal siv lead ua qauv. Txhua carbon atom nyob rau hauv graphite yog covalently bonded rau peb lwm carbon atoms, tsim txheej ntawm hexagonal rings. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tau tuav ua ke los ntawm cov tsis muaj zog van der Waals. Los ntawm kev xav sib nqus, graphite yog diamagnetic. Diamagnetism yog ib qho cuab yeej uas cov khoom tsim ib qho induced magnetic teb nyob rau hauv opposite kev coj mus rau ib tug siv magnetic teb, uas ua rau ib tug repulsive quab yuam.
Tus cwj pwm diamagnetic ntawm graphite tubes yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm delocalized electrons hauv nws cov qauv. Thaum siv cov hlau nplaum sab nraud, cov electrons txav mus rau hauv txoj kev uas lawv tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus sib nqus. Qhov sib nqus susceptibility ntawm graphite yog qhov tsis zoo thiab kuj me me hauv qhov loj me piv rau cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic lossis paramagnetic.
Kev cuam tshuam rau High - Daim Ntawv Thov Kub
Ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv graphite raj yog nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, xws li nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg thiab cua kub ntsiab. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic ntawm graphite raj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov chaw no. Nyob rau hauv siab - qhov cub kub, feem ntau muaj zog electromagnetic teb tam sim no vim cov cua kub coils. Lub diamagnetic xwm ntawm graphite hlab tso cai rau lawv los tiv thaiv lub zog ntawm cov sab nraud magnetic teb.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv induction furnaces, qhov twg muaj zog alternating magnetic teb yog siv los ua kom sov cov hlau, graphite hlab yuav siv tau raws li crucibles los yog liners. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic tiv thaiv cov hlab graphite los ntawm kev nyiam lossis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum, ua kom lawv cov qauv kev ntseeg siab. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias txhua qhov deformation ntawm lub raj tuaj yeem ua rau cov xau lossis cua sov tsis sib xws, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau ua tiav. Ntxiv mus, qhov ruaj khov kev ua tau zoo ntawm graphite hlab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm magnetic teb ua rau lawv haum rau ntev - siv nyob rau hauv siab - kub industrial txheej txheem.
Ntxiv nrog rau induction furnaces, graphite tubes kuj siv rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic pab tswj qhov chaw ruaj khov hauv qhov cub. Nws txo qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm cov chaw sib nqus sab nraud, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem cua sov lossis cuam tshuam rau lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev kho cua sov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub cub tawg tau ua tiav thiab ua tau zoo.
Cov ntawv thov hauv Cov Khoom Siv Ntsuas
Graphite raj yog siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas xws li atomic absorption spectrometers (AAS). Nyob rau hauv AAS, lub graphite raj ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug atomizer, qhov twg cov qauv yog rhuab mus rau ib tug kub kub los hloov nws mus rau hauv atomic vapor. Cov cuab yeej sib nqus ntawm lub raj graphite plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no.
Lub diamagnetic xwm ntawm graphite raj ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm AAS. Cov cuab yeej siv lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob los ntsuas qhov nqus ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb wavelengths ntawm lub teeb los ntawm atomic vapor. Txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam sib nqus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev sib dhos ntawm txoj kev teeb pom kev lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ntes, ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis raug. Lub graphite raj cov cuab yeej diamagnetic pab tswj kom ruaj khov thiab sib nqus - ib puag ncig dawb hauv qhov ntsuas, txhim kho qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm graphite raj nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm magnetic teb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rov tsim dua ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam. Hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam ntawm ntau qhov kev ntsuas. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic ntawm graphite raj pab txhawb rau qhov kev tsim tawm los ntawm kev ua kom cov txheej txheem atomization tseem zoo ib yam los ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas mus rau lwm qhov.
Kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv hluav taws xob
Graphite kuj yog ib tug zoo conductor ntawm hluav taws xob, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity thiab diamagnetic khoom ua rau graphite hlab haum rau ntau yam kev siv hluav taws xob. Hauv kev sib cuag hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej diamagnetic pab txo cov hlau nplaum uas tuaj yeem ua rau hnav thiab tsim kua muag.
Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qho chaw sib nqus, lub zog Lorentz tau tawm ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm graphite raj siv los ua electrodes hauv hluav taws xob tawm machining (EDM) los yog cov txheej txheem electrochemical, cov cuab yeej diamagnetic txo cov Lorentz quab yuam ua yeeb yam ntawm lub raj. Qhov no ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub raj, ua rau nws txoj sia nyob thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob thiab kev xa tawm, cov raj graphite tuaj yeem siv los ua cov insulators lossis cov khoom tiv thaiv. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic pab tiv thaiv cov hlab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas tsim los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob siab - voltage. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev sib piv nrog lwm cov khoom siv graphite
Thaum sib piv cov graphite hlab nrog lwm cov khoom siv graphite, xws li Graphite Crystallizer, Graphite Moulds rau Nruam Casting, thiab Graphite Crucible, cov khoom sib nqus ntawm graphite hlab muab lawv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo hauv qee yam kev siv.
Graphite crystallizers feem ntau yog siv los ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlau molten. Thaum lawv tseem yuav tsum tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov duab thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm graphite raj ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj cov qauv tubular, xws li hauv cov dej ntws los yog lub thawv rau me me - scale cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic ntawm graphite hlab ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib puag ncig nrog cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, uas yuav tsis yog rau qee yam khoom siv graphite.
Graphite pwm rau nruam casting yog tsim los tsim cov hlau molten rau hauv daim ntawv txuas ntxiv. Graphite tubes, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem siv rau cov txheej txheem uas xav tau kev tswj hwm ntau dua thiab nyob ib puag ncig. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic ntawm graphite hlab pab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm magnetic teb, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom cam khwb cia.
Graphite crucibles yog siv rau melting thiab tuav cov hlau molten. Graphite tubes tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog crucibles lossis ua lwm txoj hauv kev. Cov cuab yeej diamagnetic ntawm graphite tubes tso cai rau lawv siv rau hauv magnetic - teb - nplua nuj ib puag ncig, xws li induction melting, qhov chaw crucible ib leeg yuav tsis txaus vim muaj kev cuam tshuam sib nqus.
Xaus
Cov cuab yeej sib nqus ntawm graphite hlab, tshwj xeeb yog lawv qhov xwm txheej diamagnetic, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lawv siv hauv ntau yam lag luam. Los ntawm siab - kub daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv furnaces mus rau analytical instruments thiab hluav taws xob systems, lub peev xwm ntawm graphite hlab los tiv thaiv lub zog ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb kom ntseeg tau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo. Raws li graphite tube xa khoom, Kuv nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no hauv kev ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom.
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau kev yuav khoom siab - zoo graphite raj rau koj cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, peb yuav zoo siab los tham nrog koj. Peb pab pawg kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem muab rau koj nrog rau hauv - kev txhawb nqa tob tob thiab kev daws teeb meem raws li koj qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tiv tauj peb hnub no los pib kev sib tham txog kev yuav khoom.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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Kittel, C. (2005). Taw qhia rau Solid State Physics. Wiley.
Singleton, J. (2001). Band Theory thiab Electronic Properties of Solids. Oxford University Press.